Using this standard error, we can calculate the 90 per cent confidence interval and report the upper and lower bounds of the CPI score for each country, assuming a normal distribution.

Corruption Perceptions Index 2018: Global Scores CPI Score 2018 Standard error Number of sources African Bertelsman n Developme Country

Explaining measures of uncertainty such as standard error, confidence interval, coefficient of variation and statistical significance and how they affect estimates from our surveys.

For the 2018 CPI, a revised approach was used to calculate standard errors and effect sizes, based on advice from the European Commission Joint Research Centre.

Several potential sources of errors and bias have been identified in the CPI and addressed, though there continues to be debate over to what extent and in what direction bias may still …

In this episode we will work with a related quantity, called the standard error of the mean (referred to hereafter as the standard error). The standard error quantifies the spread of sample means …

Feb 12, 2025 · The standard error of the CPI’s change can be used to construct confidence intervals to determine whether the change for a particular CPI series is significantly different …

Feb 24, 2025 · A confidence interval (C.I.) for a difference between means is a range of values that is likely to contain the true difference between two population means with a certain level of …

The CPI 2018 is calculated using 13 different data sources from 12 different institutions that capture perceptions of corruption within the past two years. These sources are described in …

Jul 2, 2025 · Notes: Inflation as measured by the consumer price index reflects the annual percentage change in the cost to the average consumer of acquiring a basket of goods and …